Cola di rienzo biography of martin

Scalessa, Gabriele, ed. Cola di Rienzo: Dalla storia al mito. Rome: Il Cubo, Essays by G. Seibt, A. Rehberg, M. Mazzocchi Alemanni, A. Modigliani, G. Porta, L. Felici, P. Gibellini, A. Spotii, M. Tedonio, L. Biancini, P. Barone, A-C. Faitrop-Porta, I. Batiafarano, F. Onorati, F. Matitii, and L. Schwarz, Amy. Users without a subscription are not able to see the full content on this page.

Religion Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps Cola di Rienzo. Cola di Rienzo gale. Learn more about citation styles Citation styles Encyclopedia. More From encyclopedia. About this article Cola di Rienzo Updated About encyclopedia. Col Comdt. Cokinos, Christopher A. Coker, Henry L. Coker, Francis W. Coker, Daniel. Coker v. Georgia U.

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Cola di Rienzi gale. Learn more about citation styles Citation styles Encyclopedia. More From encyclopedia. About this article Cola di Rienzi All Sources. Updated Aug 24 About encyclopedia. Col Comdt. Cokinos, Christopher A. Coker, Henry L. Coker, Francis W. Coker, Daniel. Coker v. Georgia U. Coker College: Tabular Data. On 19 Mayheralds invited the people to a parliament on the Capitol and on 20 May, Whit-Sundaythe meeting took place.

Dressed in full armour and attended by the papal vicar, Cola headed a procession to the Capitol, where he addressed the assembled crowd, speaking "with fascinating eloquence of the servitude and redemption of Rome. Without striking a blow the nobles left the city or went into hiding, and a few days later Rienzo took the title of tribune. Cola governed the city with a stern justice, which was in marked contrast to the previous reign of license and disorder.

As a result of his leadership, the tribune was received at St. Peter's with the hymn Veni Creator Spirituswhile in a letter, the poet Petrarch urged him to continue his great and noble work, and congratulated him on his past achievements, calling him the new CamillusBrutus and Romulus. In July, in a decree, he proclaimed the sovereignty of the Roman people over the empire.

Cola di rienzo biography of martin

But before this he had set to work on restoring the authority of Rome over the cities and provinces of Italy, of making the city again caput mundi. He wrote letters to the cities of Italy, asking them to send representatives to an assembly which would meet on 1 August, when the formation of a great federation under the headship of Rome would be considered.

On the appointed day, a number of representatives appeared, and Cola issued an edict citing Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor and his rival Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperorand also the imperial electors and all others concerned in the dispute, to appear before him in order that he might pronounce judgment. Cola's power, however, was recognized in the Kingdom of Naplesand both Joan I of Naples and Louis I of Hungary appealed to him for protection and aid, and on 15 August with great pomp he was crowned Tribune.

Ferdinand Gregorovius says this ceremony "was the fantastic caricature in which ended the imperium of Charles the Great. A world where political action was represented in such guise was ripe for overthrow, or could only be saved by a great mental reformation. He then seized, but soon released Stefano Colonna and some other barons who had spoken disparagingly of him, but his power was already beginning to wane.

Cola di Rienzo's character has been described as a combination of knowledge, eloquence, and enthusiasm for ideal excellence, with vanity, inexperience of mankind, unsteadiness, and physical timidity. As these latter qualities became conspicuous, they eclipsed his virtues and caused his benefits to be forgotten. His government was costly, and to meet its many expenses he was obliged to lay heavy taxes upon the people.

He offended the Pope by his arrogance and pride, and both the Pope and Emperor by his proposal to set up a new Roman Empirethe cola di rienzo biography of martin of which would rest directly upon the will of the people. In October, Clement gave power to a legate to depose him and bring him to trial, and the end was obviously in sight.

Taking heart, the exiled barons gathered together some troops, and war began in the neighbourhood of Rome. Cola di Rienzo obtained aid from Louis of Hungary and others, and on 20 November his forces defeated the nobles in the Battle of Porta San Lorenzo, just outside the Porta Tiburtinaa battle in which the tribune himself took no part, but in which his most distinguished foe, Stefano Colonnawas killed.

But this victory did not save him. He passed his time in feasts and pageants, while in a bull the Pope denounced him as a criminal, a pagan and a heretic, until, terrified by a slight disturbance on 15 December, he abdicated his government and fled from Rome. He sought refuge in Naples, but soon he left that city and spent over two years in an Italian mountain monastery.

Denouncing the temporal power of the Pope, he implored the Emperor to deliver Italy, and especially Rome, from their oppressors; but, heedless of his invitations, Charles kept him in prison for more than a year in the fortress of Raudnitzand then handed him over to Pope Clement. At Avignon, where he appeared in AugustCola was tried by three cardinals and was sentenced to death, but this judgment was not carried out, and he remained in prison in spite of appeals from Petrarch for his release.

In DecemberClement died, and his successor, Pope Innocent VIanxious to strike a blow at the baronial rulers of Rome, and seeing in the former tribune an excellent tool for this purpose, pardoned and released Rienzi. The Pope then sent Cola to Italy with the legate, Cardinal Albornozand gave him the title of senator. Having collected a few mercenary troops on the way, Cola entered Rome in Augustwhere he was received with great rejoicing and quickly regained his former position of power.

But this latter term of office was destined to be even shorter than his former one.