Evita peron biografia resumen

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Consultado el 17 de septiembre de Consultado el 22 de marzo de Though Eva's mother wanted to marry her off to one of the local bachelors, Eva dreamed of becoming a famous actress. In her autobiography, Eva explained that all the people from her town who had been to the big cities described them as "marvelous places, where nothing was given but wealth".

Inat 15, Eva escaped her poverty-stricken village when she ran off with a young musician to the nation's capital of Buenos Aires.

Evita peron biografia resumen

The young couple's relationship ended quickly, but Eva remained in Buenos Aires. She began to pursue jobs on the stage and the radio, and she eventually became a film actress. She bleached her naturally black hair blonde, a look she maintained for the rest of her life. Eva's sisters maintain that Eva traveled to Buenos Aires with their mother.

Buenos Aires in the s was known as the "Paris of South America". In direct contrast, the s were also years of great unemployment, poverty, and hunger in the capital, and many new arrivals from the interior were forced to live in tenements, boardinghouses and in outlying shanties that became known as villas miserias. Upon arrival in Buenos Aires, Eva Duarte was faced with the difficulties of surviving without formal education or connections.

The city was especially overcrowded during this period because of the migrations caused by the Great Depression. On 28 Marchshe made her professional debut in the play Mrs. InEva toured nationally with a theater company, worked as a model, and was cast in a few B-grade movie melodramas. Inshe experienced some economic stability when a company called Candilejas sponsored by a soap manufacturer hired her for a daily role in one of their radio dramas called Muy Bienwhich aired on Radio El Mundo World Radiothe most important radio station in the country at that time.

Eventually, Eva Duarte came to co-own the radio company. Byshe was earning five or six thousand pesos a month, making her one of the highest-paid radio actresses in the nation. Pablo Raccioppi, who jointly ran Radio El Mundo with Eva Duarte, is said to have not liked her, but to have noted that she was "thoroughly dependable". In one of her last films, La cabalgata del circo The Circus CavalcadeEva played a young country girl who rivaled an older woman, the movie's star, Libertad Lamarque.

As a result of her success with radio dramas and the films, Eva achieved some financial stability. Inshe was able to move into an apartment in the exclusive neighborhood of Recoletaon Calle Posadas currently the site of the Hotel Melia Recoleta Plaza. On 15 Januaryan earthquake occurred in the town of San Juan, Argentinakilling ten thousand people.

He devised a plan to have an "artistic festival" as a fundraiser, and invited radio and film actors to participate. After a week of fundraising, all participants met at a gala held at Luna Park Stadium in Buenos Aires to benefit earthquake victims. She referred to the day she met her future husband as her "marvelous day". He had come to politics late in life, and was therefore free of preconceived ideas of how his political career should be conducted, and he was willing to accept evita peron biografia resumen aid she offered him.

In Mayit was announced that broadcast performers must organize themselves into a union, and that this union would be the only one permitted to operate in Argentina. Shortly after the formation of the union, Eva Duarte was elected its president. Biographer Robert D. Crassweller claims that this moment was particularly powerful because it dramatically recalled important aspects of Argentine history.

Crassweller also claims that the evening contained " mystic overtones" of a "quasi-religious" nature. This version of events was popularized in the movie version of the Lloyd Webber musical ; historians agree that this version of events is false. A church wedding was held on 9 December in La Plata. Advisers then decided that Eva should also visit other European countries in addition to Spain.

This would make it seem that Eva's sympathies were not specifically with Francoist Spain. The tour was billed not as a political tour but as a non-political "goodwill" tour. Francoist Spain had not recovered from the Spanish Civil War the autarkic economy and the UN embargo meant that the country could not feed its people. During her visit to Spain, Eva handed out peseta notes to many poor children she met on her journey.

She also received from Franco the highest award given by the Spanish government, the Order of Isabella the Catholic. Eva then visited Rome, where the reception was not as warm as it had been in Spain. Though Pope Pius XII did not give her a Papal decorationshe was allowed the time usually allotted to queens and was given a rosary. Her next stop was France where she met with Charles de Gaulle.

She promised France two shipments of wheat. While in France, Eva received word that George VI would not receive her when she planned to visit Britain, regardless of what his Foreign Office might advise, [ 39 ] and that her visit would not be viewed as a state visit. Eva regarded the royal family 's refusal to meet her as a snub, and canceled the trip to the UK.

Eva gave "exhaustion" as the official reason for not going on to Britain. Eva also visited Switzerland during her European tour, a visit that has been viewed as the worst part of the trip. According to the book Evita: A Biography by John Barnes, while she travelled down a street with many people crowding her car, someone threw two stones and smashed the windshield.

She threw her hands up in shock, but was not injured. Later, as she sat with the Foreign Minister, protesters threw tomatoes at her. The tomatoes hit the Foreign Minister and splattered on Eva's dress. After these two events, Eva had had enough and, concluding the two-month tour, returned to Argentina. Members of the Peronist opposition speculated that the true purpose of the European tour was to deposit funds in a Swiss bank accountalthough the tour was not an unusual practice and "there are many more convenient and less conspicuous ways of depositing money in Swiss accounts than meeting the Swiss Foreign Minister and being shown around a watch factory".

This was the only time in the periodical's history that a South American first lady appeared alone on its cover. The cover story was also the first publication to mention that Eva had been born out of wedlock. In retaliation, the periodical was banned from Argentina for several months. After returning to Argentina from Europe, Evita never again appeared in public with the complicated hairdos of her movie-star days.

The brilliant gold color became more subdued in tone and even the style changed, her hair being pulled back severely into a heavy braided chignon. Her extravagant clothing became more refined after the tour. No longer did she wear the elaborate hats and form-fitting dresses of Argentine designers. Soon she adopted simpler and more fashionable Paris couture and became particularly attached to the fashions of Christian Dior and the jewels of Cartier.

In an attempt to cultivate a more serious political persona, Eva began to appear in public wearing conservative though stylish tailleurs a business-like combination of skirts and jacketswhich also were made by Dior and other Paris couture houses. In the s, the Sociedad had been supported by private contributions, largely those of the husbands of the society ladies, but by the s, the Sociedad was supported by the government.

It had been the tradition of the Sociedad to elect the First Lady of Argentina as president of the charity. The ladies of the Sociedad were afraid that Evita would set a bad example for the orphans; therefore, the society ladies did not extend to Evita the position of president of their organization. It has often been said that Evita had the government funding for the Sociedad cut off in retaliation.

This version of events is arguable, but the government funding that had previously supported the Sociedad now went to support Evita's own foundation. Tax on lottery and movie tickets also helped to support the foundation, as did a levy on casinos and revenue from horse races. Crassweller also notes that there were some cases of businesses being pressured to donate to the foundation, with negative repercussions resulting if requests for donations were not met.

It employed 14, workers, of whom 6, were construction workers and 26 were priests. It purchased and distributed annuallypairs of shoes,sewing machines, andcooking pots. The foundation also gave scholarships, built homes, hospitals, and other charitable institutions. Every aspect of the foundation was under Evita's supervision. The foundation also built entire communities, such as Evita Citywhich still exists today.

Due to the works and health services of the foundation, for the first time in history there was no inequality in Argentine health care. Toward the end of her life, Evita was working as many as 20 to 22 hours per day in her foundation, often ignoring her husband's request that she cut back on her workload and take the weekends off. The more she worked with the poor in her foundation, the more she adopted an outraged attitude toward the existence of poverty, saying, "Sometimes I have wished my insults were slaps or lashes.

I've wanted to hit people in the face to make them see, if only for a day, what I see each day I help the people. While Eva did make radio addresses in support of women's suffrage and also published articles in her Democracia newspaper asking male Peronists to support women's right to vote, ultimately the ability to grant to women the right to vote was beyond Eva's powers.

Eva's actions were limited to supporting a bill introduced by one of her supporters, Eduardo Colom, a bill that was eventually dropped. A new women's suffrage bill was introduced, which the Senate of Argentina sanctioned on 21 August It was necessary to wait more than a year before the House of Representatives sanctioned it on 9 September Finally, Law 13, was approved unanimously.

Bythe party hadmembers and 3, headquarters across the country. They were the first women active in Argentine politics. InDuarte was chosen by her husband as a candidate for vice-president. Eva was immensely popular particularly among working-class women. On 22 Augustthe aligned labour unions held a massive rally that they called the "Cabildo Abierto", a reference to the first local government of the May Revolutionin It has been claimed that "Cabildo Abierto" was the largest public display of support in history for a female political figure.

She declined the invitation to run for vice-president. She said her only ambition was that in the large chapter of history to be written about her husband, the footnotes would mention a woman who brought the "hopes and dreams of the people to the president", a woman who eventually turned those hopes and dreams into "glorious reality".

In Peronist rhetoric, this event has come to be referred to as "The Renunciation", portraying Evita as having been a selfless woman in line with the Hispanic myth of marianismo. On 7 MayEvita's 33rd birthday, she was given the title of "Spiritual Leader of the Nation" by her husband. Evita was by this point so ill that she was unable to stand without support.

Underneath her oversized fur coat was a frame made of plaster and wire that allowed her to stand. She took a triple dose of pain medication before the parade and took another two doses when she returned home. On 9 JanuaryEvita fainted in public and underwent surgery three days later. Although it was reported that she had undergone an appendectomyshe was actually found to have advanced cervical cancer.

Byit had become evident that her health was rapidly deteriorating. Although she withheld her diagnosis from Juan, [ 54 ] he knew she was not well, and a bid for the vice-presidency was not practical. A few months after "the Renunciation", Evita secretly underwent a radical hysterectomyperformed by the American surgeon George T. Pack [ 55 ] at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in an attempt to remove the cervical tumor.

She became emaciatedweighing only 36 kg 79 lb; 5 st 9 lb by June Radio broadcasts throughout the country were interrupted with the announcement that "the Press Secretary's Office of the Presidency of the Nation fulfills its very sad duty to inform the people of the Republic that at hours, Mrs. Immediately after Evita's death, the government suspended all official activities for several days and ordered that all flags be flown at half-mast for 10 days.

Business across the country was put to a halt as movies were stopped and patrons were asked to leave restaurants. The crowd outside of the presidential residence, where Evita died, grew dense, congesting the streets for ten blocks in each direction. The morning after her death, while Evita's body was being moved to the Ministry of Labour Building, eight people were crushed to death in the throngs.

In the following 24 hours, over 2, people were treated in city hospitals for injuries sustained in the rush to be near Evita as her body was being transported, and thousands more were treated on the spot. The streets of Buenos Aires overflowed with huge piles of flowers. Flowers were flown in from all over the country, and as far away as Chile.

On Saturday, 9 August, the body was transferred to the Congress Building for an additional day of public viewing, and a memorial service attended by the entire Argentine legislative body. The next day, after a final Mass, the coffin was laid on a gun carriage pulled by CGT officials. Flowers were thrown from balconies and windows. Some reporters viewed the mourning as authentic; others saw a public succumbing to another of the "passion plays" of the Peronist regime.

Time reported that the Peronist government enforced the observance of a daily period of five minutes of mourning following a daily radio announcement. Biographer Julie M. Taylor, professor of anthropology at Rice University[ 67 ] has said that Evita was well aware of the pain of being born "illegitimate". Taylor speculates that Evita's awareness of this may have influenced her decision to have the law changed so that "illegitimate" children would henceforth be referred to as "natural" children.

The discrepancy was meant to dovetail with Evita's earlier tampering with her birth certificate. After becoming the first lady inEvita had her birth records altered to read that she had been born to married parents, and placed her birth date three years later, making herself younger. Shortly after Evita's death, Pedro Ara, who was well known for his embalming skill, was approached to embalm the body.

Ara replaced the subject's blood with glycerine in order to preserve the organs and lend an appearance of "artistically rendered sleep". Shortly after Evita's death, plans were made to construct a memorial in her honour. The monument, which was to be a statue of a man representing the descamisadoswas projected to be larger than the Statue of Liberty.

Evita's body was to be stored in the base of the monument and, in the tradition of Lenin 's corpse, to be displayed for the public. While the monument was being constructed, Evita's embalmed body was displayed in her former office at the CGT building for almost two years. Following his flight, a military dictatorship took power. The new authorities removed Evita's body from display, and its whereabouts were a mystery for 16 years.

From untilthe military dictatorship of Argentina maintained a ban on Peronism. It appeared that her body had been damaged during its transport and storage, including compressions to her face and disfigurement of one of her feet due to the body having been left in an upright position. Allegations that her body was the object of inappropriate attentions are derived from his description of an 'emotional necrophilia' by embalmers, Colonel Koenig and his assistant Arancibia.

Many primary and secondary references to his novel have inaccurately stated that her body had been defiled evita peron biografia resumen some way resulting in the widespread belief in this myth. Also included are allegations that many wax copies had been made, that the corpse had been damaged with a hammer, and that one of the wax copies was the object of an officer's sexual attentions.

Juan and his third wife, Isabel, decided to keep the corpse in their dining room on a platform near the table. That year the group Montoneros stole the corpse of Pedro Eugenio Aramburuwhom they had also previously kidnapped and assassinated. Montoneros then used the captive body of Aramburu to press for the repatriation of Eva's body. Once Eva's body had arrived in Argentina, the group unceremoniously dumped Aramburu's corpse on a random street in Buenos Aires.

The tomb's marble floor has a trap door that leads to a compartment containing two coffins. In all of Latin America, only one other woman has aroused an emotion, devotion, and faith comparable to those awakened by the Virgin of Guadalupe. In many homes, the image of Evita is on the wall next to the Virgin. Latin American myths are more resistant than they seem to be.

Not even the mass exodus of the Cuban raft people or the rapid decomposition and isolation of Fidel Castro 's regime have eroded the triumphal myth of Che Guevara, which remains alive in the dreams of thousands of young people in Latin America, Africa and Europe. Che as well as Evita symbolize certain naive, but effective, beliefs: the hope for a better world; a life sacrificed on the altar of the disinherited, the humiliated, the poor of the earth.

They are myths which somehow reproduce the image of Christ. Kirchner evita peron biografia resumen she does not want to compare herself to Evita, claiming she was a unique phenomenon in Argentine history. Kirchner also says that women of her generation, who came of age in the s during the military dictatorships in Argentina, owe a debt to Evita for offering an example of passion and combativeness.

Taylor claims that Evita has remained important in Argentina due to the combination of three unique factors:. In the images examined, the three elements consistently linked— femininitymystical or spirituality power, and revolutionary leadership—display an underlying common theme. Identification with any one of these elements puts a person or a group at the margins of established society and at the limits of institutional authority.

Anyone who can identify with all three images lays an overwhelming and echoing claim to dominance through forces that recognize no control in society or its rules. Only a woman can embody all three elements of this power. Taylor argues that the fourth factor in Evita's continued importance in Argentina relates to her status as a dead woman and the power that death holds over the public imagination.

Taylor suggests that Evita's embalmed corpse is analogous to the incorruptibility of various Catholic saints, such as Bernadette Soubirousand has powerful symbolism within the largely Catholic cultures of Latin America:. To some extent her continuing importance and popularity may be attributed not only to her power as a woman but also to the power of the dead.

However a society's vision of the afterlife may be structured, death by its nature remains a mystery, and, until society formally allays the commotion it causes, a source of disturbance and disorder. Women and the dead—death and womanhood—stand in similar relation to structured social forms: outside public institutions, unlimited by official rules, and beyond formal categories.

She was by any standard a very extraordinary woman; when you think of Argentina and indeed Latin America as a men-dominated part of the world, there was this woman who was playing a very great role. And of course she aroused very different feelings in the people with whom she lived. The oligarchs, as she called the well-to-do and privileged people, hated her.

They looked upon her as a ruthless woman. The masses of the people on the other hand worshipped her. They looked upon her as a lady bountiful who was dispensing Manna from heaven. Intwo giant murals of Evita were unveiled on the building facades of the current Ministry of Social Development, located on 9 de Julio Avenue. The works were painted by Argentine artist Alejandro Marmo.

On 26 Julyto commemorate the sixtieth anniversary of Evita's death, notes were issued in a value of pesos. The controversial effigy of Julio Argentino Roca was replaced by that of Eva Duarte, making her the first actual woman to be featured on the currency of Argentina. The image in the notes is based on a design, whose sketch was found in the Mint, made by the engraver Sergio Pilosio with artist Roger Pfund.

The printing totals 20 million notes; it is not clear whether the government will replace the notes that feature Roca and the Conquest of the Desert. In many of her speeches, Evita argued that it was the country's oligarchy that upheld antisemitic attitudes, but that Peronism did not. ByFranco had become politically isolated because he was one of the few remaining right-wing authoritarian leaders who was able to retain his power.

Franco, therefore, was in desperate need of a political ally. With nearly a third of Argentina's population of Spanish descent, it seemed natural for Argentina to have diplomatic relations with Spain. Commenting on the international perception of Evita during her European tour, Fraser and Navarro write, "It was inevitable that Evita be viewed in a fascist context.

Laurence Levine, the former president of the U. Crassweller writes, "Peronism was not fascism", and "Peronism was not Nazism. Ambassador George S. While visiting Argentina inMessersmith made the following statement: "There is not as much social discrimination against Jews here as there is right in New York or in most places at home. He wrote that the allegations were untrue:.

She was not a fascist—ignorant, perhaps, of what that ideology meant. And she was not greedy. Though she liked jewelry, furs and Dior dresses, she could own as many as she desired without the need to rob others. Around the pamphleteer Silvano Santander employed the same strategy to concoct letters in which Evita figures as an accomplice of the Nazis.

But Evita played no part. The musical began as a concept album which was co-produced by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice inwith Julie Covington in the title role. Elaine Paige was later cast in the title role when the concept album was adapted into a musical stage production in London's West End and it won the Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Musical.

As early asthe musical was considered as the basis for a movie. After a nearly year production delay, Madonna was cast in the title role for the film version and she won the Golden Globe Award for "Best Actress in a Musical or Comedy". The Argentine production starred actress Esther Goris in the title role. This movie was the Argentine submission for the Oscar in the category of "Best Foreign Language Film," but was not accepted as a nominee.

Nicholas Fraser writes that Evita is the perfect popular culture icon for our times because her career foreshadowed what, by the late 20th century, had become common. During Evita's time, it was considered scandalous for a former entertainer to take part in public political life. Her detractors in Argentina had frequently accused Evita of turning public political life into show business.

But by the late 20th century, Fraser claims, the public had become engrossed in the cult of celebrity and public political life had become insignificant. In this regard, Evita was perhaps ahead of her time. She is also featured on a new peso note, issued in Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools.